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The Eyalet of the Archipelago (, ''Eyālet-i Jezāyir-i Baḥr-i Sefīd'', "Eyalet of the Islands of the White Sea")〔"White Sea" being the Ottoman Turkish name for the Mediterranean.〕 was a first-level province (eyalet) of the Ottoman Empire. From its inception until the Tanzimat reforms of the mid-19th century, it was under the personal control of the Kapudan Pasha, the commander-in-chief of the Ottoman Navy. ==History== During the early period of the Ottoman Empire, the commander of the Ottoman fleet (the ''Derya Begi'', "Bey of the Sea") also held the governorship of the ''sanjak'' of Gallipoli, which was the principal Ottoman naval base until the construction of the Imperial Arsenal under Sultan Selim I (reigned 1512–20). His province also included the isolated ''kazas'' of Galata and Izmit. In 1533/4, the corsair captain Hayreddin Barbarossa, who had taken over Algeria, submitted to the authority of Sultan Suleyman I (r. 1520–66). His province was expanded by the addition of the ''sanjaks'' of Kocaeli, Suğla, and Biga from the Eyalet of Anatolia, and of the ''sanjaks'' of Inebahti (Naupaktos), Ağriboz (Euboea), Karli-eli (Aetolia-Acarnania), Mezistre (Mystras), and Midilli (Lesbos) from the Eyalet of Rumelia, thus forming the Eyalet of the Archipelago.〔〔 After Hayreddin's death, the province remained the domain of the Kapudan Pasha, the new title of the commander-in-chief of the navy, a position of great power and prestige: its holder was a vizier of three horsetails and a member of the Imperial Council.〔〔 As a token of this, the title of the local sub-provincial governors was not ''sanjak-bey'' but ''derya-bey''.〔 Although the Kapudan Pashas resided in the Imperial Arsenal, Gallipoli remained the official capital (''pasha-sanjak'') until the 18th century.〔〔〔 After Hayreddin's death in 1546, the ''sanjak'' of Rodos (Rhodes) also became part of the Eyalet of the Archipelago, and in 1617/8 the ''sanjaks'' of Sakız (Chios), Nakşa (Naxos) and Andıra (Andros) were added to it.〔 Algeria became ''de facto'' independent of Ottoman control after 1642, and in ca. 1670 Cyprus was added to the eyalet. It was detached in 1703 as the personal fief (''hass'') of the Grand Vizier, but returned to the eyalet in 1785. Under Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha, the ''sanjaks'' of Mezistre and Karli-eli were detached and incorporated in the new Eyalet of the Morea.〔 Alone among the major Aegean islands, Crete, although conquered from the Republic of Venice in 1645–69, was never subordinated to the Eyalet of the Archipelago.〔 By the early 19th century, the eyalet was reduced to the ''sanjaks'' of Biga (now the ''pasha-sanjak''), Rodos, Sakız, Midilli, Limni (Lemnos) and Cyprus.〔 As part of the Tanzimat reforms, its ties to the Kapudan Pasha were severed in 1849,〔 and it became the Vilayet of the Archipelago after 1867.〔 The island of Samos (Turkish Sisam), which was an autonomous principality since 1832, continued to be counted as a ''sanjak'' of the eyalet until 1867.〔 Cyprus was lost to British control in 1878, and the remainder of the vilayet was dissolved after the eastern Aegean islands were conquered by the Italians during the Italo-Turkish War (1911–12) and the Greeks in the First Balkan War (1912–13).〔〔 Including Crete, its reported area in the 19th century was and its population around 700,000.〔''(The Popular Encyclopedia; or, Conversations Lexicon ).'' Revised ed. Vol. VI, pp. 698 & 701. Blackie & Son (London), 1862. Accessed 10 September 2011.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eyalet of the Archipelago」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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